Rate-equation approach to laser light statistics

Two-level laser light statistics

The statistics of the light emitted by two-level lasers is evaluated on the basis of generalized rate equations. According to that approach, all fluctuations are interpreted as being caused by the jumps that occur in active and detecting atoms. The intra-cavity Fano factor and the photo-current spectral density are obtained analytically for Poissonian and quiet pumps. The algebra is simple and ...

An Approach to Deriving Maximal Invariant Statistics

Invariance principles is one of the ways to summarize sample information and by these principles invariance or equivariance decision rules are used. In this paper, first, the methods for finding the maximal invariant function are introduced. As a new method, maximal invariant statistics are constructed using equivariant functions. Then, using several equivariant functions, the maximal invariant...

Rate Equation Approach to Growing Networks

non-corrective approach to pronunciation

the aim of this study has been to find answers for the following questions: 1. what is the effect of immediate correction on students pronunciation errors? 2. what would be the effect of teaching the more rgular patterns of english pronunciation? 3. is there any significant difference between the two methods of dealing with pronuciation errore, i. e., correction and the teaching of the regular ...

Thermal photon statistics in laser light above threshold

We show that the reduction in photon number fluctuations at laser threshold often cited as a fundamental laser property does not occur in small semiconductor lasers. The conventional theory of threshold noise is not valid in lasers with a spontaneous emission factor larger than 10. If the spontaneous emission factor is larger than 10, the photon number statistics even remain thermal far above t...